虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反，下面给大家带来一些关于英语虚拟语气的用...
英语虚拟语气的用法归纳
虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反，下面给大家带来一些关于英语虚拟语气的用法归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。
一.什么是虚拟语气
虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。
二.虚拟语气的用法有哪些
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形
1.表示祝愿
a. Long live our country.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形
三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:
1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望
3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间
4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句
四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:
1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:
在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:
如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况
七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气
①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式
英语虚拟语气的用法归纳相关文章：
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★ 英语语法学习:虚拟语气的基本用法
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★ 英语语法虚拟语气讲解
★ 虚拟语气的使用要点
★ 高考英语复习知识点:情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式
★ 初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态
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英语虚拟语气的语法归纳
虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点，那么你掌握了吗?下面是学习啦小编为你整理的英语虚拟语气的语法的相关资料，希望大家喜欢!
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略)，根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
虚拟语气的时态
一、过去式：
if 从句：had done
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+have done
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
二、现在式：
if 从句：did/were
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
三、将来时：
if 从句：①should/shall do
②were to do
③did/were
英语语法：虚拟语气的时态
6
主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
(一)形式 注：
1.在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反) 例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反) 例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装 如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b
英语语法学习：虚拟语气的基本用法
学习啦：虚拟语气在英语语法里应该怎么使用呢，下面我们一起看看这篇《虚拟语气的基本用法》。
1.虚拟语气的使用范围：
虚拟语气，表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该英语语法主要用在if 条件状语从句中，也可以用在主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。
2.虚拟语气的判断：
(1)if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可实现的句子称为真实条件句，反之称为非真实条件句，则需使用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：
1) 与过去事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we couldhave playedtennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。
2) 与现在事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：
If I were in yourposition, I would marryher. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。
3) 与将来事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：
If you should miss thechance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。
总结，主句should (would, could, might)分别加have + 过去分词、动词原形、动词原形，从句分别为had + 过去分词、系动词用were、should (were to) + 动词原形。
(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：
I wish they were not solate. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如：
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct,agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request,suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：
I insisted that he (should) gowith us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。
注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
He insisted that shewas honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。
(3)主语从句中的虚拟语气。
1) It be + 形容词 + that...(should)...。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary,good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange,surprising等。例如：
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
2) It be + 过去分词 + that...(should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested,ordered, proposed等。例如：
It is desired that thebuilding of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。
3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如：
It is high time I wenthome now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。
(4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如：
My suggestion is thatwe should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。
4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：
If she had been here five minutes earliershe would have seen her old friend. → Had shebeen here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。
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英语语法虚拟语气讲解
英语语法有词类也有句型，我们现在来看看虚拟语气的用法。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的英语语法虚拟语气讲解，供大家参阅!
英语语法虚拟语气讲解：if only后的句子用虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。
If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。
If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
英语语法虚拟语气讲解：would rather后的句子用虚拟语气
would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：
1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I'd rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。
I'd rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。
You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
“Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子打开? ” “我看不要打开好。”
2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。
l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。
l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 (宁) 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。
Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的，我宁愿地不坐汽车去。
英语语法虚拟语气讲解：虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。
I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中
虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if 引导。
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
条件状语从句主句
If +主语 +动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词
(be的过去式用were)
例如：
If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.
(刘胡兰)怕死就不做共产党员。
If there were no air, we couldn't live.
如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。
Example:
I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.
A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语 + would, should, could, might+have + 过去分词
例如：
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。
If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.
如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。
Example:
If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.
A. you would meet John already
B. you won't have missed John
C. you will have met John
D. you would have met John
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词
例如：
If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.
假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。
If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.
如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。
注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：
If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.
要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。
Example:
If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would become an island.
A. will B. is C. was D. were
If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A. are B. will be going C. must D. were
We might still catch the train if we ___.
A. make hurry B. haste
C. make haste D. hastily
4.错综时间的虚拟语气
在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中，如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间，虚拟语气可有不同形式，即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如：
If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇见过他，我就能认出他了。
(从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在或将来事实相反)
If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我们的行车速度每小时100里，两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。
(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)
Example:
If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.
A. haven't watched
B. didn't watch
C. hadn't watched
D. wouldn't have watched
5.省略连词if
在条件状语从句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把连词if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，构成条件意义。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雨，你怎么办?
Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是没有摩擦力，我们就不能行走。
Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.
如果我们过去知道这种新方法，我们早就应用了。
Example:
Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.
A. had not failed B. would not fail
C. could not be failed D. would not have failed
_______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
______ difficulties, we would be successful.
A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome
C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome
6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句
虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句，并不影响意义的完整。
(1)省去条件从句
That would be fine. 那太好了。(省去了if you would come 或类似条件)
I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不会放弃访问中国的机会。
We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。
注：省略条件句，在试题中很少见到。
(2)省去主句，常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。
If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!
If only he lived! 假如他活着该多好啊!
If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。
Example:
If only it _____! but it is too late.
A. is avoided B. has avoided
C. could be avoided D. can be avoided
If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!
A. is working B. worked
C. works D. has worked
看过英语语法虚拟语气讲解的人还看了：
1.英语语法大全之16种时态讲解
2.英语语法句子结构大全
3.能让你秒懂的英语语法自学方法
4.语法英语怎么说
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虚拟语气的使用要点
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 接下来，小编给大家准备了虚拟语气的使用要点,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
虚拟语气的使用要点
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! You go out! 你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose1,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means2. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形。
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
A.与现在事实相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
B.与过去事实相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known3 her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊!
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
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高考英语复习知识点：情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式
情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：情态动词+have done的用法区别等。以下是学习啦小编为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章，仅供考生参考，欢迎大家阅读!
高考英语复习知识点：情态动词和虚拟语气
虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。
虚拟语气考点透析
考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not
解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。下了一天的雨是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to
解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。
考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage B.could have managed
C.could managed D.can have managed
解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。
考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：
Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。
考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。例如：
Dont you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that
C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what
解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。
情态动词考点透析
考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查
情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。
分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。
二、情态动词表示推测的考查
对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：
1. Sorry, Im late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .
A. might B. should C. can D. will
解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境Im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。
分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，cant (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。
三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查
情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You______come, but why didnt you?
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。
分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。
考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查
1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night?
I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt
解析：had to:不得不;didnt:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，所以答案是：C。
2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .
Its 86184867.
A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant
解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.
A. do B. did C. had D. would
2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. dont know B. hadnt known
C. wasnt knowing D. wouldnt know
3. Ive told everyone about it. Oh, Id rather you _____.
A. dont B. hadnt
C. couldnt D. wouldnt
4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadnt rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. cant get B. wont get
C. hadnt got D. wouldnt get
5. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. Isnt it about time you _____ to do morning exercises? Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sunsheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
12. It looks as if he were drunk. So it does. _____.
A. Hed better give up drinking
B. He shouldnt have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
13. Mary looks hot and dry So _____ you if you had so high a fever.
A. do B. are C. will D. would
14. He will come tomorrow. But Id rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come B. is coming
C. came D. had come
15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
17. I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _____.
A. do B. did C. had D. would
18. Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.
A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. know, lives D. know, lived
19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
20. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
22.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
23.Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.
You _____have my computer if you dont take care of it .
A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt
24. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant
25. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt
26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt
27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
28. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.
It ______ Harrys. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be
29. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. neednt do B. neednt have done
C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done
30. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.
She _______. Ive already borrowed one.
A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt
【答案与解析】
1.
【解析】选B.Its time you did 为 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2.
【解析】选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I dont know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I dont know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来。
3.
【解析】选B.Id rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
4.
【解析】选A.we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
5.
【解析】选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
6.
【解析】选C.Its time / Its high time / Its about time 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。
7.
【解析】选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
8.
【解析】8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D.
9.
【解析】选 C.if only意为要是就好了，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C.
10.
【解析】选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
【答案】C
11.
【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了)。
【答案】B
12.
【解析】关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，他喝醉了不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.
【答案】 D.
13.
【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.
【答案】D
14.
【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来， 用过去完成时表示过去。
【答案】C
15.
【解析】insist后的从句谓语有时用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
【答案】D
16.
【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
【答案】B
17.
【解析】Its time you did 为 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
【答案】B
19.
【解析】 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
【答案】B
20.
【解析】without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
【答案】A
21.
【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。
【答案】B
22.
【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。
【答案】C
23.
【解析】shall此处表示警告。
【答案】A
24.
【解析】B此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法。should have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，因此淘汰A项。would不用来表推测，因此淘汰C项。B基与D项虽然都可以表示推测，但B项表肯定意义而D项表示否定推测，意为不可能，根据句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不会在海边玩得那么愉快了。可知此处需要肯定意义，因此淘汰D项。
25.
【解析】B本题考查情态动词的用法。must表示推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用can或could 代替。shouldnt have done 表示本来不该而实际上却做了某事.neednt have done表示本来不必而实际上却做了均不合题意。本句的意思是：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。
26.
【解析】C should(按道理)应该;句意：既然你在驾校时做了大量练习，那么通过这次考试理不应该有困难。
27.
【解析】B 第一句话使用了一般过去时，由此可知第二句话是对过去事情的猜测，需用must have done.本题意为我正在高速公路上行驶，这时一辆警车跟随着着这辆车从旁边经过。它们一定是以至少每小时150公里的速度行驶。故选B。A项表示本应该，C项表示本能够不合题意。
28.
【解析】D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意是我错拿了别人的绿色 毛衣，那可能是Harry的，他总是穿绿色的毛衣。四个选项中could表示推测。mustnt 表示 禁止has to 表示不得不will 表推测时，表肯定语气太强。
29.
【解析】B根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方本来不必为她打扫房间。很显然对方打扫房间是过去所为，表达去不必做某事用neednt have done sth.
30.
【解析】C本题考查情态动词，从答语的后半句我已经借到一本字典了，可知前半句为不必了。故C正确。
高考英语复习知识点：英语作文结尾万能公式
1、高考英语作文结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个总而言之之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此为过渡短语)， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难显而见之，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!
更多过渡短语：
to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus
更多句型：
Thus， it can be concluded that， Therefore， we can find that
2、高考英语作文结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说如此结论是结尾最没用的废话，那么如此建议应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。
Obviously， it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?
更多句型：
Accordingly， I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently， to solve the problem， some measures should be taken.
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